causes inflammation, and yet there is not room for the foreign matter left in the wound to escape through the tough skin, and lock-jaw results; in all such cases the wound should be cut open to provide a way of escape for the blood, etc., and a piece of linen wet with laudanum inserted. Wounds from bruises and lacerations especially demand careful treatment, on the same general principles given above. Surrocation.—This often occurs from carbonic acid gas, or “ choke-damp,”’ on entering wells or old cellars; this gas being heavier than air, falls and rests at the bottom. Before entering such places, test by lowering a lighted candle; if the flame is extinguished it is unsafe to enter until the gas has ebeen removed, by throwing down a bundle of lighted shavings or blazing paper, sufficient to cause a strong upward current. Whena person is over- come by this gas, he must be immediately rescued by another, who must be rapidly lowered and drawn out, as he must do all while holding his breath; a large sack is sometimes thrown over the person who goes to the rescue. As soon as brought out, place the person on his back, bare the neck and throat, loosen clothing and strip as quickly as possible; if he has not fallen in the water, dash cold water freely over head, neck, and shoulders, standing off sev- | eral feet and throwing it with force; artificial respiration should be used mean-. time, as in case of drowning, with as little cessation as possible. If the per- son has fallen into the water when overcome by the gas, place in a warm bed, and use the means of artificial respiration vigorously. Suffocation from burning charcoal, from anthracite or bituminous coal, or from common burning gas, or the foul gases from drains and cess-pools, is treated as if from carbonic acid gas. ACCIDENTS IN GENERAL.—The first and most important thing, after send- ing for a surgeon, when an accident has occurred, is to keep off the crowd. 0 one, except one or two in charge, should be allowed nearer than ten feet; and the kindest thing a by-stander can do is to insist on such a space, and to select such persons as are willing to go for whatever is needed by the sur- geon or physician, so that there may be no delay, if any thing is needed. If there has been a ‘‘shock”’ from a fall or blow, although there may be no fracture or external injury, the person is “‘faint,’’ and should be placed fiat on the back, with the head, neck, and shoulders slightly raised; the limbs should be straightened out, so that the heart may act as easily as possible; the cravat, collar, and clothing, if in the least tight, should be loosened. A sup of cold water will bring reaction soon if the injury is slight; a tea-spoon | of brandy, in a table-spoon of water, every two minutes, gentle friction to. _ the extremities, a handkerchief wet with cologne-water held to the nostrils, a fan, if weather is hot, will all aid in restoring full consciousness. If. thought best to remove the patient to, his residence, or to a more favorable place for treatment, place on a stretcher, settee, or shutter, slipping him on gently, taking care that the body is supported along its whole length; throw a handkerchief over the face to prevent the unpleasant sensation of the staring crowd, and let the stretcher be borne by persons of uniform gait, if possible. A policeman’s services, if in a city, are invaluable in keeping off acrowd. When a surgeon arrives, his directions will suffice. :

AI-modernized reading of the original text

causes inflammation, and yet there is not room for the foreign matter left in the wound to escape through the tough skin, and lock-jaw results; in all such cases the wound should be cut open to provide a way of escape for the blood, etc., and a piece of linen wet with laudanum inserted. Wounds from bruises and lacerations especially demand careful treatment, on the same general principles given above. Suffocation.—This often occurs from carbonic acid gas, or “ choke-damp,”’ on entering wells or old cellars; this gas being heavier than air, falls and rests at the bottom. Before entering such places, test by lowering a lighted candle; if the flame is extinguished it is unsafe to enter until the gas has been removed, by throwing down a bundle of lighted shavings or blazing paper, sufficient to cause a strong upward current. Whena person is overcome by this gas, he must be immediately rescued by another, who must be rapidly lowered and drawn out, as he must do all while holding his breath; a large sack is sometimes thrown over the person who goes to the rescue. As soon as brought out, place the person on his back, bare the neck and throat, loosen clothing and strip as quickly as possible; if he has not fallen in the water, dash cold water freely over head, neck, and shoulders, standing off sev- | eral feet and throwing it with force; artificial respiration should be used mean-. time, as in case of drowning, with as little cessation as possible. If the person has fallen into the water when overcome by the gas, place in a warm bed, and use the means of artificial respiration vigorously. Suffocation from burning charcoal, from anthracite or bituminous coal, or from common burning gas, or the foul gases from drains and cess-pools, is treated as if from carbonic acid gas. ACCIDENTS IN GENERAL.—The first and most important thing, after sending for a surgeon, when an accident has occurred, is to keep off the crowd. 0 one, except one or two in charge, should be allowed nearer than ten feet; and the kindest thing a by-stander can do is to insist on such a space, and to select such persons as are willing to go for whatever is needed by the surgeon or physician, so that there may be no delay, if any thing is needed. If there has been a ‘‘shock”’ from a fall or blow, although there may be no fracture or external injury, the person is “‘faint,’’ and should be placed fiat on the back, with the head, neck, and shoulders slightly raised; the limbs should be straightened out, so that the heart may act as easily as possible; the cravat, collar, and clothing, if in the least tight, should be loosened. A sup of cold water will bring reaction soon if the injury is slight; a tea-spoon | of brandy, in a table-spoon of water, every two minutes, gentle friction to. _ the extremities, a handkerchief wet with cologne-water held to the nostrils, a fan, if weather is hot, will all aid in restoring full consciousness. If. thought best to remove the patient to, his residence, or to a more favorable place for treatment, place on a stretcher, settee, or shutter, slipping him on gently, taking care that the body is supported along its whole length; throw a handkerchief over the face to prevent the unpleasant sensation of the staring crowd, and let the stretcher be borne by persons of uniform gait, if possible. A policeman’s services, if in a city, are invaluable in keeping off acrowd. When a surgeon arrives, his directions will suffice. :

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