" The outlet tubes should be placed at the top of the cellar wall,
and not extend beyond its inner face. The outer end should present
its mouth upwards (vertically), in order that the escape of air may be
interfered with as little as possible by the wind, and be provided with
a tight-fitting cap. To obtain the full effect of the direct force of the
wind for the inlet tubes, and an aspiratory action for the outlet tubes,
they may be fitted with cowls, with vanes so arranged that the inlet
tubes shall always be presented to the wind and the outlet tubes be
always turned from the wind ; the upper rim of the cowls should
project a little so as to lessen the chance of rain getting in, and if it
. is practicable to procure a cap formed thus, it should be provided for
the outlet tubes. This cap will cause the wind from any direction to
exercise an aspiratory or suction power up the tubes, and will pre-
vent the entrance of rain or snow. The longer the outlet tubes the
better this action.
"Air communication between the cellar and outside, except through
these tubes, should be prevented as far as possible, and therefore with
the adoption of this method of ventilation, the cellar windows of the
usual style that may have been in use should be closed up, and arti-
ficial light might be employed whenever the cellar is visited.
"The number of tubes to be used will depend upon the size of the
cellar and its peculiarities, but it is suggested that they be not less
than ten inches in diameter. The action for which they are designed
may be stated as follows : The tubes being closed with their caps or
slides, the inlet tubes will be filled with cold air ; then when the caps or
slides are removed from them and from the outlet tubes, the cold and
heavy air in the inlet tubes will mov^e down and out into the cellar,
over the cellar floor and under the warm air, which it will force upward
and out of the cellar through the outlet tubes at the top, and similar
action will take place when it is necessary to ventilate in warm weather
by taking advantage of a proper direction of the wind. Tile pipe or
galvanized sheet-iron would be a good material for these tubes, or
they could be made of boards seamed with white or red lead, and
secured with screws. If made of galvanized iron their efficacy would
2o6 THE hearthstone; or, life at home.
be increased by encasing them tightly with boards. This would pre-
vent the inlet tubes from being warmed by the higher temperature
of the cellar, and the outlet tubes from being cooled by the lower
outside temperature, and if an outlet tube could be carried inside the
cellar up to and through the roof, its efficacy would be much increased,
and when practicable a chimney flue leading from the cellar to the
roof may be utilized as an outlet tube. An approved method for an
inlet tube, to preserve a uniform temperature, is to lay a pipe six feet
below the surface of the ground, connecting with the cellar and a
point about sixty feet distant ; at this latter point erect a ven-
tilating shaft for the inflow of the outer air, which, passing through
the length of this pipe, will be warmed in winter and cooled in
summer.
Page 131
Presented as published in 1883. Historical recipes may not meet modern food-safety standards. Cook from the modern interpretation, not the original instructions.
AI-modernized reading of the original text
" The outlet tubes should be placed at the top of the cellar wall, and not extend beyond its inner face. The outer end should present its mouth upwards (vertically), in order that the escape of air may be interfered with as little as possible by the wind, and be provided with a tight-fitting cap. To obtain the full effect of the direct force of the wind for the inlet tubes, and an aspiratory action for the outlet tubes, they may be fitted with cowls, with vanes so arranged that the inlet tubes shall always be presented to the wind and the outlet tubes be always turned from the wind ; the upper rim of the cowls should project a little so as to lessen the chance of rain getting in, and if it . is practicable to procure a cap formed thus, it should be provided for the outlet tubes. This cap will cause the wind from any direction to exercise an aspiratory or suction power up the tubes, and will prevent the entrance of rain or snow. The longer the outlet tubes the better this action.
"Air communication between the cellar and outside, except through these tubes, should be prevented as far as possible, and therefore with the adoption of this method of ventilation, the cellar windows of the usual style that may have been in use should be closed up, and artificial light might be employed whenever the cellar is visited.
"The number of tubes to be used will depend upon the size of the cellar and its peculiarities, but it is suggested that they be not less than ten inches in diameter. The action for which they are designed may be stated as follows : The tubes being closed with their caps or slides, the inlet tubes will be filled with cold air ; then when the caps or slides are removed from them and from the outlet tubes, the cold and heavy air in the inlet tubes will move down and out into the cellar, over the cellar floor and under the warm air, which it will force upward and out of the cellar through the outlet tubes at the top, and similar action will take place when it is necessary to ventilate in warm weather by taking advantage of a proper direction of the wind. Tile pipe or galvanized sheet-iron would be a good material for these tubes, or they could be made of boards seamed with white or red lead, and secured with screws. If made of galvanized iron their efficacy would
2o6 THE hearthstone; or, life at home.
be increased by encasing them tightly with boards. This would prevent the inlet tubes from being warmed by the higher temperature of the cellar, and the outlet tubes from being cooled by the lower outside temperature, and if an outlet tube could be carried inside the cellar up to and through the roof, its efficacy would be much increased, and when practicable a chimney flue leading from the cellar to the roof may be utilized as an outlet tube. An approved method for an inlet tube, to preserve a uniform temperature, is to lay a pipe six feet below the surface of the ground, connecting with the cellar and a point about sixty feet distant ; at this latter point erect a ventilating shaft for the inflow of the outer air, which, passing through the length of this pipe, will be warmed in winter and cooled in summer.