Yi pt. Raspberry Jam 15 4 Eggs .12 18 2 Oranges 06 Caniied Strawberries $ .25 less Original Total Cost $11.37 4 Bananas .06 19 Reduction 4.05 $ 4.05 $1.04 New Cost per Day. New Total Cost per wk.$ 7.32 $0.26 New Cost per Day per Person. JANUARY MENUS r/3 < O a Tl w O o O M o u -a 03 W ai m K< > fCK u \^ -a <u m m K W in < W u LESSONS IN COOKING PART V FUELS AND STOVES Whatever the kind of stove used one rule will apply to all — knozv your stove. Understand the principle of its construction ; if there are dampers, find out the use of each ; study the drafts ; know the properties of the fuel used so as to economize and yet secure the best results. In appearance the stove should be plain and neat. Orna- ments and nickled trimmings mean loss of time and strength spent in polishing, and add to the cost of the stove without adding to its merit. Coal Hard or anthracite coal kindles with difficulty, but when lighted, burns with intense heat and little flame. It is clean to handle, contains almost no gas, and makes a steady continuous fire, requiring very little attention. While its cost is high in places distant from Pennsylvania, many consider these qualities make it the best fuel for winter use. Soft or bituminous coal kindles easily, and burns with considerable flame when first lighted, giving ofif gas and much soot. In a short time it is reduced to bright red coals. This stage in its combustion is best for cooking as the heat is more steady. Its cost is one-half to one- third that of hard coal. It heats more quickly, but does not last so long. Only the free-burning varieties of soft coals are at all suitable for cooking. The coking coals con- tain a very large percentage of gas, which gives much soot, and in burning forms a crust over the fire which prevents good combustion. V/ood Wood is a clean fuel, lights readily and heats quickly. It burns out so rapidly that it requires a good deal of attention to keep an even fire. Hard wood like oak lasts well and makes a fairly steady fire. Soft wood like pine is used as a fuel only in localities where it is very plentiful, because it burns out so quickly, requiring much attention. It is best for kindling fires. Copyright, 1911, by Home Economics Association. 149 150 LESSONS IN COOKING Coke Coke is superior to soft coal for cooking in that it is a much cleaner fuel and gives off no soot or gas. Coke, which is made in special coke ovens for use in blast fur- naces and for domestic use, can now be obtained in all the larger cities. The coke which is obtained as a bi- product in the manufacture of illuminating gas is much softer and dirtier. Coke is very bulky for its weight, it kindles easily, making a very intense heat but does not last nearly so long as hard coal. It is very helpful in starting the fire when hard coal is used, and for increasing the heat quickly. Its price is somewhat less than hard coal, but more than soft coal. Gas Gas is the quickest, cleanest and most convenient fuel to use. Its cost is sometimes greater than that of other fuels, but the fact that it can be lighted just at the moment of use and instantly turned out when not needed, eliminates all waste, thus economizing both time and money.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Yi pt. Raspberry Jam 15 4 Eggs .12 18 2 Oranges 06 Caniied Strawberries $ .25 less Original Total Cost $11.37 4 Bananas .06 19 Reduction 4.05 $ 4.05 $1.04 New Cost per Day. New Total Cost per wk.$ 7.32 $0.26 New Cost per Day per Person. r/3 < O a Tl w O o O M o u -a 03 W ai m K< > fCK u \^ -a <u m m K W in < W u PART V FUELS AND STOVES Whatever the kind of stove used one rule will apply to all — know your stove. Understand the principle of its construction ; if there are dampers, find out the use of each ; study the drafts ; know the properties of the fuel used so as to economize and yet secure the best results. In appearance the stove should be plain and neat. Ornaments and nickled trimmings mean loss of time and strength spent in polishing, and add to the cost of the stove without adding to its merit. Coal Hard or anthracite coal kindles with difficulty, but when lighted, burns with intense heat and little flame. It is clean to handle, contains almost no gas, and makes a steady continuous fire, requiring very little attention. While its cost is high in places distant from Pennsylvania, many consider these qualities make it the best fuel for winter use. Soft or bituminous coal kindles easily, and burns with considerable flame when first lighted, giving off gas and much soot. In a short time it is reduced to bright red coals. This stage in its combustion is best for cooking as the heat is more steady. Its cost is one-half to onethird that of hard coal. It heats more quickly, but does not last so long. Only the free-burning varieties of soft coals are at all suitable for cooking. The coking coals contain a very large percentage of gas, which gives much soot, and in burning forms a crust over the fire which prevents good combustion. V/ood Wood is a clean fuel, lights readily and heats quickly. It burns out so rapidly that it requires a good deal of attention to keep an even fire. Hard wood like oak lasts well and makes a fairly steady fire. Soft wood like pine is used as a fuel only in localities where it is very plentiful, because it burns out so quickly, requiring much attention. It is best for kindling fires. Copyright, 1911, by Home Economics Association. Coke Coke is superior to soft coal for cooking in that it is a much cleaner fuel and gives off no soot or gas. Coke, which is made in special coke ovens for use in blast furnaces and for domestic use, can now be obtained in all the larger cities. The coke which is obtained as a biproduct in the manufacture of illuminating gas is much softer and dirtier. Coke is very bulky for its weight, it kindles easily, making a very intense heat but does not last nearly so long as hard coal. It is very helpful in starting the fire when hard coal is used, and for increasing the heat quickly. Its price is somewhat less than hard coal, but more than soft coal. Gas Gas is the quickest, cleanest and most convenient fuel to use. Its cost is sometimes greater than that of other fuels, but the fact that it can be lighted just at the moment of use and instantly turned out when not needed, eliminates all waste, thus economizing both time and money.

Lessons in cooking through preparation of meals