and lialf out of the water ; being thus chilled by evaporation from the uncovered part of the body. During our hottest weather, when the thermometer ranges between 94° and 100°, even a young infant may profit by a cool bath, say at 75° or 70° ; but then it must be a short-time bath also. The cooler, the shorter the time of immersion. Much soap does not need to be used in bathing infants. If the child l^e bathed daily, it needs (after its first thorough cleansing) onl}^ an occasional employment, unless about the thighs, of a little of the best castile soap. Salt may be added to the bath if the child is weakly, for its tonic effect. In sickness, warm or hot baths may be of great service. Exercise. — After the first few months, a babe should be allowed and encouraged to sprawl ; first on a wide bed, being watched that it does not fall off; after^vards on a car- peted floor, or a rug. This will spread its chest, and bring most of its muscles into play. Thus it will gain strength, and get ready, in due time {don^ t hurry it) to stand up and walk. Crawling comes first, accord- ing to the true nature of bodily develop- ment. Airing. — J^ery soon every baby ought to begin to be taken out in fine weather. In summer, no matter how soon : in winter, it requires care about keeping it warm, of course. But quite young infants may be, with proper out-of-door clothing, accus- tomed to being taken out into the sunshine and air every fine day. A nuser}^ ought to be alwa3'S a sunny and well-aired room. As already said, infants suffer more harm from bad air than grown people do. Scarlet fever, measles, whoop- ing-cough, diphtheria, and all other di.'.eascs are commonly worst, killing the most child- ren, in tenement-houses ; and, elsewhere, in crowded alleys, where people live too close together and do not have fresh, pure air to breathe. Sleep for Children. For the first month or two. an infant naturally sleeps more than half its time. All through the first year, many l)abies sleep from twelve to sixteen hours in the 555 92 THE FAMIL Y DOCTOR twenty-four. It is a grand thing for all concerned when the little one can be trained early to sleep most of the nigJit. Habit may be formed, in such matters, very soon. Lay the child do7ini to sleep, from the start ; do not get it used to being carried about to go to sleep in somebody's arms. Put it to sleep in its crib, alone as a rule. Hard to believe as it seems, some w^eary slumbrous mothers have overlain their babies; that is, rolled upon them while asleep and suffocated them. Moreover, the vapors from another human body make the bed less wholesome for the child. Yet, with a wide bed, convenience may sometimes afford rea- son for a child being laid beside, but not too near, its mother or nurse. Never rock a child in a cradle. This has, happily, quite gone out of fashion. If it has any effect, it is by causing a kind of a dizziness (like seasickness) which cannot be good for the child. Let the baby soon get used to going to sleep in the dark. Otherwise, when it gets older, it will be afraid to do so, with a fear often very hard to overcome. Put no cur- tains about a bed, for a child or grown person.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

and half out of the water ; being thus chilled by evaporation from the uncovered part of the body. During our hottest weather, when the thermometer ranges between 94° and 100°, even a young infant may profit by a cool bath, say at 75° or 70° ; but then it must be a short-time bath also. The cooler, the shorter the time of immersion. Much soap does not need to be used in bathing infants. If the child be bathed daily, it needs (after its first thorough cleansing) only an occasional employment, unless about the thighs, of a little of the best castile soap. Salt may be added to the bath if the child is weakly, for its tonic effect. In sickness, warm or hot baths may be of great service. Exercise. — After the first few months, a babe should be allowed and encouraged to sprawl ; first on a wide bed, being watched that it does not fall off; afterwards on a carpeted floor, or a rug. This will spread its chest, and bring most of its muscles into play. Thus it will gain strength, and get ready, in due time(don't hurry it)) to stand up and walk. Crawling comes first, according to the true nature of bodily development. Airing. — Very soon every baby ought to begin to be taken out in fine weather. In summer, no matter how soon : in winter, it requires care about keeping it warm, of course. But quite young infants may be, with proper out-of-door clothing, accustomed to being taken out into the sunshine and air every fine day. A nuser}^ ought to be always a sunny and well-aired room. As already said, infants suffer more harm from bad air than grown people do. Scarlet fever, measles, whooping-cough, diphtheria, and all other diseases are commonly worst, killing the most children, in tenement-houses ; and, elsewhere, in crowded alleys, where people live too close together and do not have fresh, pure air to breathe. Sleep for Children. For the first month or two. an infant naturally sleeps more than half its time. All through the first year, many babies sleep from twelve to sixteen hours in the twenty-four. It is a grand thing for all concerned when the little one can be trained early to sleep most of the night. Habit may be formed, in such matters, very soon. Lay the child down to sleep, from the start ; do not get it used to being carried about to go to sleep in somebody's arms. Put it to sleep in its crib, alone as a rule. Hard to believe as it seems, some weary slumbrous mothers have overlain their babies; that is, rolled upon them while asleep and suffocated them. Moreover, the vapors from another human body make the bed less wholesome for the child. Yet, with a wide bed, convenience may sometimes afford reason for a child being laid beside, but not too near, its mother or nurse. Never rock a child in a cradle. This has, happily, quite gone out of fashion. If it has any effect, it is by causing a kind of a dizziness (like seasickness) which cannot be good for the child. Let the baby soon get used to going to sleep in the dark. Otherwise, when it gets older, it will be afraid to do so, with a fear often very hard to overcome. Put no curtains about a bed, for a child or grown person.

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