Powdered sugar which contains lumps causes little delay on baking day if the grinder is near by. The cabbage, celery, onion or other vegetables for salad can be chopped quickly. Horseradish and cheese may be ground. And beaten biscuits are not difficult to make if the dough is placed through the chopper several times. LABOR-SAVIIS^G DEVICES 263 Apples may be ground so the apple sauce will cook rapidly. Instead of bothering to put cranberries through a sieve to remove the skins, they may be ground in the chopper before being cooked. Quince honey may be made with ease if the quinces are ground instead of being grated or cut. Lemons and oranges for use in marmalade may be put through the grinder. It is an economy to grind foods that must be cut or chopped for much energy and time is saved. Narrow Shelves between Wide Ones When cupboard or pantry space is limited, narrow shelves may be placed between the wide ones to hold cups, tiny pitchers, salt and pepper shakers, spices and other small articles. Rolling Cloth Instead of spending time washing the bread board after rolling out bread, cooky, biscuit and other doughs, it may be covered with a piece of heavy white duck or canvas fastened down with thumb tacks. This may be folded up and kept in a drawer when not in use. It is more sanitary than the board and it may be washed with greater ease. Vacuum Bottles and Pitchers The vacuum bottle has an inner container with heavy walls and a tightly fitting lid. In this the beverage is poured. The outer covering of the bottle also has a heavy wall ; between it and the outer wall of the beverage container is an air space. This insulation makes it impossible for the cold or the heat of the beverage to get out into the room and for the heat or cold of the room to get into the bottle. The iced lemonade or hot coffee will retain its temperature several hours if placed in a vacuum pitcher or bottle. The pitcher differs from the bottle in that it has a spout which makes it easier to pour the beverage at the table. Vacuum Pails The vacuum pail is constructed like the vacuum bottle only it is much larger. It frequently holds a gallon or more. It is fine 264 THE FARM COOK AND RULE BOOK for use in taking a cold drink to the field in the hot weather or a hot one in the winter. Electrical Appliances Among the electrical household appliances which are helpful are toasters, ovenettes, table stoves^ waffle irons, egg beaters, irons, heaters, curling irons, bottle warmers, bed warmers, fire- less cookers with electrically heated discs, coffee percolators, tea pots and tea kettles. Canning Outfits Perhaps the simplest type of canner is the water-bath. This consists of any utensil large enough to hold several fruit jars, fitted with a lid and a false bottom which holds the jars away from the bottom of the container, protecting them from over- heating and hitting together and allowing free circulation of the water underneath. These canners may be purchased or one may be made at home. The wash boiler or a small tub with a cover make excellent vessels for the water-bath. A false bottom must be made. This may be fashioned from narrow slats to form a little platform or of strong wire netting fastened on a wood frame. If this has handles which may be used in removing the cans from the water-bath, it is more convenient.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Powdered sugar which contains lumps causes little delay on baking day if the grinder is near by. The cabbage, celery, onion or other vegetables for salad can be chopped quickly. Horseradish and cheese may be ground. And beaten biscuits are not difficult to make if the dough is placed through the chopper several times. Apples may be ground so the apple sauce will cook rapidly. Instead of bothering to put cranberries through a sieve to remove the skins, they may be ground in the chopper before being cooked. Quince honey may be made with ease if the quinces are ground instead of being grated or cut. Lemons and oranges for use in marmalade may be put through the grinder. It is an economy to grind foods that must be cut or chopped for much energy and time is saved. Narrow Shelves between Wide Ones When cupboard or pantry space is limited, narrow shelves may be placed between the wide ones to hold cups, tiny pitchers, salt and pepper shakers, spices and other small articles. Rolling Cloth Instead of spending time washing the bread board after rolling out bread, cooky, biscuit and other doughs, it may be covered with a piece of heavy white duck or canvas fastened down with thumb tacks. This may be folded up and kept in a drawer when not in use. It is more sanitary than the board and it may be washed with greater ease. Vacuum Bottles and Pitchers The vacuum bottle has an inner container with heavy walls and a tightly fitting lid. In this the beverage is poured. The outer covering of the bottle also has a heavy wall ; between it and the outer wall of the beverage container is an air space. This insulation makes it impossible for the cold or the heat of the beverage to get out into the room and for the heat or cold of the room to get into the bottle. The iced lemonade or hot coffee will retain its temperature several hours if placed in a vacuum pitcher or bottle. The pitcher differs from the bottle in that it has a spout which makes it easier to pour the beverage at the table. Vacuum Pails The vacuum pail is constructed like the vacuum bottle only it is much larger. It frequently holds a gallon or more. It is fine for use in taking a cold drink to the field in the hot weather or a hot one in the winter. Electrical Appliances Among the electrical household appliances which are helpful are toasters, ovenettes, table stoves, waffle irons, egg beaters, irons, heaters, curling irons, bottle warmers, bed warmers, fireless cookers with electrically heated discs, coffee percolators, tea pots and tea kettles. Canning Outfits Perhaps the simplest type of canner is the water-bath. This consists of any utensil large enough to hold several fruit jars, fitted with a lid and a false bottom which holds the jars away from the bottom of the container, protecting them from overheating and hitting together and allowing free circulation of the water underneath. These canners may be purchased or one may be made at home. The wash boiler or a small tub with a cover make excellent vessels for the water-bath. A false bottom must be made. This may be fashioned from narrow slats to form a little platform or of strong wire netting fastened on a wood frame. If this has handles which may be used in removing the cans from the water-bath, it is more convenient.

The farm cook & rule book