Cleanliness is a most essential ingredient in the art of cooking, and at any sacrifice should be maintained in the kitchen." The following are the most important kitchen utensils : — Baking Dish. — Ordinary baking dishes are made of earthenware. Some house- keepers prefer them made of tin or of iron, enamelled on the inside, as being more durable. M. Soyer invented an improved baking dish, to which was attached a movable false grating of wire, and in the centre of this was fixed a trivet three inches in height. He put the pudding at the bottom of the dish ; he then put in the grating, on which he placed the potatoes, and on the trivet he put the meat. By this means the surplus fiit, which would otherwise have fallen on the j)udding and prevented its setting, would descend on the potatoes, making them delicate and crisp. Probable cost of baking dishes, 4d. iipwards, according to size and quality. Beer Taps. — Beer taps are made either of l^rass or wood. The former are the most durable, the latter the sweetest. Taps should always Ije Ijrushed and laid in cold water for some hours after being taken out of one cask, before they are jiut into another. Several patent taps are sold of various kinds. One of these, the screw taj), is to be recommended to those who find it necessary to tap their own barrels and have a difficulty in doing it. The tap needs only to be pushed into the cork, and screwed round and round till the circular piece of metal presses upon the cork. Probable cost, taps made of brass, from Is. 6d. ; of wood, 4d. ; screw taps, 2s. 6d. Boiler. — In large families the boiler is in frequent requisition. It is used for boiling large joints, hams, &c. Boilers are made in various sizes of wrought-iron or cast-iron. The wrought-iron ones cost from 16s. to 22s. 6d. The cast-ii'on ones from 4s. 6d. to 7s. 6d. Boilers should be washed out and dried perfectly as soon as possible after they are done with. The cover should be laid in the cupboard by the side of the pan when they are not in use. Bottle Jack and Wheel. — A bottle jack is a useful little machine for roasting joints of meat or poultry before the fire. It is wound up like a watch, and its action keeps the meat turning round and round, thus causing it to be equally cooked. Probable cost, 8s. 6d., I'Os. 6d., and 16s. 6d. Braising Pan or Braisiere. — A braisiere is simply an oval stewpan, with a cover so formed that live embers can be held in it, and thus the cooking process can be carried on from above as well as below. These pans are made both of copper and of tinned iron. The latter ai-e miich cheaper than the former, and just as good. As braisieres are not very common in ordinary kitchens, it may be said that a stew- pan of modern form which will admit of embers being placed upon the lid will answer the same purpose. Probable cost, copper braising pans, -with fire-pan, cover, and draining plates, from £3 10s. to £6 10s., according to size. Bread Grater. — A bread erater is made of tin, and is used to crumble bread APPENDIX. IIGI smoothly, evenly, and finely. It may be bought in two or three sizes, and will cost from 9d. to Is. 6d.

AI-modernized reading of the original text

Cleanliness is a most essential ingredient in the art of cooking, and at any sacrifice should be maintained in the kitchen." The following are the most important kitchen utensils : — Baking Dish. — Ordinary baking dishes are made of earthenware. Some housekeepers prefer them made of tin or of iron, enamelled on the inside, as being more durable. M. Soyer invented an improved baking dish, to which was attached a movable false grating of wire, and in the centre of this was fixed a trivet three inches in height. He put the pudding at the bottom of the dish ; he then put in the grating, on which he placed the potatoes, and on the trivet he put the meat. By this means the surplus fiit, which would otherwise have fallen on the pudding and prevented its setting, would descend on the potatoes, making them delicate and crisp. Probable cost of baking dishes, 4d. iipwards, according to size and quality. Beer Taps. — Beer taps are made either of l^rass or wood. The former are the most durable, the latter the sweetest. Taps should always Ije Ijrushed and laid in cold water for some hours after being taken out of one cask, before they are jiut into another. Several patent taps are sold of various kinds. One of these, the screw taj), is to be recommended to those who find it necessary to tap their own barrels and have a difficulty in doing it. The tap needs only to be pushed into the cork, and screwed round and round till the circular piece of metal presses upon the cork. Probable cost, taps made of brass, from Is. 6d. ; of wood, 4d. ; screw taps, 2s. 6d. Boiler. — In large families the boiler is in frequent requisition. It is used for boiling large joints, hams, &c. Boilers are made in various sizes of wrought-iron or cast-iron. The wrought-iron ones cost from 16s. to 22s. 6d. The cast-iron ones from 4s. 6d. to 7s. 6d. Boilers should be washed out and dried perfectly as soon as possible after they are done with. The cover should be laid in the cupboard by the side of the pan when they are not in use. Bottle Jack and Wheel. — A bottle jack is a useful little machine for roasting joints of meat or poultry before the fire. It is wound up like a watch, and its action keeps the meat turning round and round, thus causing it to be equally cooked. Probable cost, 8s. 6d., I'Os. 6d., and 16s. 6d. Braising Pan or Braisiere. — A braisiere is simply an oval stewpan, with a cover so formed that live embers can be held in it, and thus the cooking process can be carried on from above as well as below. These pans are made both of copper and of tinned iron. The latter are miich cheaper than the former, and just as good. As braisieres are not very common in ordinary kitchens, it may be said that a stewpan of modern form which will admit of embers being placed upon the lid will answer the same purpose. Probable cost, copper braising pans, -with fire-pan, cover, and draining plates, from £3 10s. to £6 10s., according to size. Bread Grater. — A bread grater is made of tin, and is used to crumble bread APPENDIX. IIGI smoothly, evenly, and finely. It may be bought in two or three sizes, and will cost from 9d. to Is. 6d.

Cassell's dictionary of cookery